Introduction Ulcerative enteritis, commonly known as “Quail Disease,” is a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects quails, chickens, turkeys, and pigeons. Caused by Clostridium colinum, an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, this disease is
Introduction Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by ingesting toxins from Clostridium botulinum. This bacterium thrives in anaerobic conditions and produces potent neurotoxins that affect the nervous system. Botulism
Introduction Gangrenous Dermatitis (GD), also known as Necrotic Dermatitis, Gas Edema Disease is a severe bacterial infection primarily affecting broiler chickens. This condition leads to hemorrhage, necrosis, and congestion in
Introduction Necrotic enteritis in poultry is caused by Clostridium perfringens and serotypes responsible for our Type A and B . Mostly young broilers are affected, but sometimes laying hens (