Introduction Fowl typhoid, caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Gallinarum, is a devastating bacterial disease that primarily affects chickens and turkeys. Known for its high mortality rate and rapid spread, fowl typhoid poses a significant threat to
Introduction Ulcerative enteritis, commonly known as “Quail Disease,” is a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects quails, chickens, turkeys, and pigeons. Caused by Clostridium colinum, an anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, this disease is
Introduction Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease caused by ingesting toxins from Clostridium botulinum. This bacterium thrives in anaerobic conditions and produces potent neurotoxins that affect the nervous system. Botulism
Introduction Gangrenous Dermatitis (GD), also known as Necrotic Dermatitis, Gas Edema Disease is a severe bacterial infection primarily affecting broiler chickens. This condition leads to hemorrhage, necrosis, and congestion in
Introduction Necrotic enteritis in poultry is caused by Clostridium perfringens and serotypes responsible for our Type A and B . Mostly young broilers are affected, but sometimes laying hens (
Introduction Neutering refers to ovariohysterectomy (OHE) (surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus), ovariectomy (OVE) (surgical removal of the ovaries alone), and orchiectomy (surgical removal of the testicles). It is
Introduction Neutering refers to ovariohysterectomy (OHE) (surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus), ovariectomy (OVE) (surgical removal of the ovaries alone), and orchiectomy (surgical removal of the testicles). It is
Introduction MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER(MCF) is a fatal, multisystemic disease viral disease that causes a lot of damage to domestic and wildlife creatures worldwide and is characterized by fever, ocular and
Introduction Infectious coryza is an acute respiratory disease in poultry, primarily affecting chickens. It is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum, a Gram-negative, catalase-negative bacterium. The disease is characterized by facial swelling,
Introduction PPR in animals refers to Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), commonly known as sheep and goat plague. This highly contagious viral disease primarily affects small ruminants, especially sheep and